Zitkala-Ša (Gertrude Simmons Bonnin) (1876-1938) Zitkala-Ša was a writer, musician, teacher, and a Native American political activist.
Zitkala-Ša, also known as Gertrude Simmons Bonnin, was a Native American suffragist, writer and activist..
Zitkala-Ša, Native American Rights Activist, Honored on New Quarter
Zitkala-Ša (1876–1938) worked throughout her lifetime to give voice and rights to Native Americans, including Indigenous citizenship and women’s suffrage.
For two decades, I have had the honor to research her life and impact in American history through Smithsonian collection photographs. More recently, I nominated Zitkala-Ša for the American Women Quarters Program. Her story was selected for the 2024 quarter series.
Portraits of Zitkala-Ša from the Smithsonian’s National Portrait Gallery and National Museum of American History were consulted for the design of the coin with the intent to (re)focus attention on giving her a rightful place in American women’s history.
The words “Author, Activist, Composer” were included in the design to amplify her role as a teacher, musician, and writer, and to consider the social and intellectual connections that fostered her success.
Zitkala-Ša, which translates in English to